Nowruz, the Persian New Year, is one of the oldest and most significant celebrations in Iran, marking the arrival of spring and the renewal of nature. While it is a national holiday, different Iranian ethnic groups—such as Kurds, Baluch, Azeris, Lurs, Arabs and Turkmens—each celebrate Nowruz with unique traditions, ceremonies, and customs. In this article, we will explore how Nowruz is observed across various ethnic communities in Iran, highlighting their distinctive cultural expressions.
Persians, the largest ethnic group in Iran, follow traditional Nowruz customs such as setting up the Haft-Seen table, jumping over bonfires on Chaharshanbe Suri, and spending time outdoors on Sizdah Bedar. These traditions symbolize purification, prosperity, and a fresh start for the new year. Families gather to exchange gifts, enjoy traditional foods like Sabzi Polo ba Mahi (herbed rice with fish), and visit loved ones during the Nowruz holidays.
For Kurds in Iran, Nowruz is deeply connected to their historical and cultural identity. The celebration is marked by bonfires, traditional Kurdish dances (Halparke), and vibrant folk music. The festival represents freedom and resistance, often accompanied by poetry recitations and storytelling. Families wear colorful traditional clothing, and communities come together to welcome the new year with enthusiasm.
Iranian Azeris celebrate Nowruz with similar customs to Persians but incorporate unique regional elements. Special festivities include Kosa-Kosa, a symbolic play representing the change of seasons, and Nowruz songs performed by children. Traditional foods like Baklava and Samani Halva are prepared, and houses are cleaned thoroughly before the new year, a practice known as Khaneh-Tekani.
Among Baluch communities, Nowruz is a time for cultural gatherings, poetry readings, and horse racing. Unlike in other regions, Baluch Nowruz festivities often include tribal storytelling, sword dances, and the preparation of special dishes such as Tanur bread and lamb stew. Music plays a significant role, with traditional Baluchi folk songs adding to the festive atmosphere.
For Lurs, Nowruz is a family-centered event. Traditional epic storytelling, folk dancing, and playing the Sorna and Dohol (traditional instruments) are integral parts of the celebrations. Families also engage in a custom called Fal-Gush, where people listen in on conversations to receive hints about their future. Traditional Lurish dishes, including Kalleh Joosh (yogurt soup), are enjoyed during the holidays.
Turkmen communities in Iran have their own way of celebrating Nowruz, incorporating equestrian games, tent gatherings, and folk storytelling. Their celebrations often include Gorogly epic recitations, performances of traditional music, and preparing dishes such as Chekdirme (fried lamb and rice). The Turkmen Nowruz also highlights the importance of unity and hospitality, as families visit neighbors and exchange gifts.
Arabs in Iran, particularly in Khuzestan, celebrate Nowruz with a blend of Persian and Arab cultural elements. Their celebrations include family gatherings, recitation of poetry, and traditional music performances. Hospitality plays a central role, with families preparing large feasts featuring dishes such as Masgouf (grilled fish) and dates. Some Arab communities also organize horse races and folk dance performances to mark the occasion.
Nowruz is a unifying celebration across Iran’s diverse ethnic groups, each adding their unique cultural heritage to the festivities. From the colorful Kurdish dances to the storytelling traditions of the Baloch and the Azeris’ symbolic plays, Nowruz showcases the rich cultural tapestry of Iran. Despite regional differences, the essence of Nowruz—renewal, joy, and togetherness—remains constant, making it a cherished festival across the country.