The Lurs, also known as Lors or Luris, are one of Iran’s most ancient and authentic ethnic groups, residing primarily in the western and southern regions of the country. They trace their lineage to the Aryans while also reflecting influences from pre-Aryan civilizations. Representing approximately 6% of Iran’s population, the Lurs have preserved a distinctive cultural and linguistic heritage that continues to contribute significantly to the nation’s history, identity, and diversity.
The Lurs inhabit the western and southwestern regions of Iran, making them the original settlers of the Zagros Mountains. These areas, rich in history, were once the heartlands of ancient civilizations. Archeological findings confirm that these regions are among the earliest known human settlements in Iran.
With a population exceeding two million, the Lurs primarily reside in provinces such as Lorestan, Ilam, Khuzestan, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, and Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad.
The Lurs primarily speak Luri, a Western Iranian language closely related to Persian. Some Lurs, particularly in Lorestan province, speak Laki, another Western Iranian language with similarities to Kurdish.
Luri is generally divided into two main dialects: Northern Luri and Southern Luri, reflecting the linguistic diversity within their community. These languages play a significant role in preserving the Lurs’ cultural identity and heritage.
The Lurs’ economy is based on agriculture, livestock farming, and handicrafts, which are essential for their livelihood. Agriculture and animal husbandry are the primary sources of income, while handicrafts also play a vital role.
Traditional Luri architecture is another remarkable aspect of their cultural identity. Nomadic homes are often constructed using local materials like stone and wood, designed to harmonize with their natural surroundings.
Luri cuisine, rooted in the natural ingredients of the mountainous regions of Western Iran, is known for its unique and rich flavors. The Lurs make the most of local herbs, grains, and livestock to create a distinct culinary tradition.
One of the most beloved traditional dishes is Ash-e Tarkhineh, a hearty soup made with curd, wheat flour, and mountain vegetables, showcasing the nutritious and comforting nature of Luri cooking. Another iconic dish is Dande Kabab, skewered meat grilled over an open flame, a favorite among the Lurs for its tender, flavorful taste.
The traditional clothing of the Lur people is a beautiful representation of their nomadic lifestyle, practicality, and rich cultural identity. For women, the attire includes vibrant, layered dresses often featuring intricate embroidery, reflecting the artistic skills of the community. Women also wear headscarves, known as Lachak, which cover the hair and are secured with ribbons beneath the chin. These scarves are often decorated with coins, pearls, stones, or sequins, adding a distinctive touch to the traditional style.
Men’s Clothing: Men typically wear long tunics, loose trousers, and wide belts, complemented by a black felt hat called “Kolāh Khossrovi,” which is commonly worn across Lur regions. Historically, white felt hats were reserved for nobility and leaders, distinguishing their status.
Footwear among the Lurs is typically the white Gīveh, a traditional handmade shoe, which has no specific left or right, and is commonly worn by both men and women. The Malaki version of the Gīveh is especially popular in the Bakhtiari region.
The Lur people, one of Iran’s oldest ethnic groups, have significantly contributed to the development of Iranian handicrafts. Active in various fields, they excel in traditional crafts such as carpet weaving, Namad Mali (felt beating), Hasir Bafi (mat weaving), Jajim, and Mashe Bafi.
The Lurs are particularly known for their Varshow-sazi, a metal alloy made from copper, nickel, and zinc, used to craft durable, malleable handmade dishes, including the famous Varshow Samovar.
Another renowned craft is Jajim, a two-faced woolen cloth woven by Lur women who handle every step, from spinning wool to dyeing and weaving. Luri Giveh, traditional shoes made from carpet threads, silk, and leather, are highly valued for their comfort and lightness. Additionally, Namad-mali, the process of making felt from wool, is used to create items like hats and ground cloths, which have become popular souvenirs for tourists. The vibrant colors and intricate designs of Lur woolen carpets are also highly admired.
Luri music is an essential part of their culture, featuring instruments such as the Luri kamancheh, sorna, dohol, tonbak, and tambour. These instruments, along with traditional group dances, create energetic rhythms and distinctive melodies that define Luri music. The Luri kamancheh, in particular, stands out from other Iranian string instruments, and the Mâhur scale is commonly used to express the grandeur and independence of the Lur people.
“The Lurs are known for their resilience, deeply valuing family, traditions, and skills like archery and horseback riding. Women play a vital role, often exceeding expectations in nomadic life, while their modest, nature-oriented lifestyle fosters simplicity, trust, and strong community bonds”